Cultural Diversity And It Influence On Nursing Practice

Cultural Diversity and it Influence on Nursing Practice Culture can be defined as a way of life of a group of people such as, belief, behavior, values, customs that they accept and can be passed on from one generation to another. Cultural diversity is the presence of different cultural groups in the society, cultural diversity is something that nurses have to learn and practice every day in their carrier, especially when caring for their patients because, every individual or patient think, act and respond differently to different situations and level of their care. The purpose of this paper is to identify eight reasons why transcultural nursing is necessary specialty, describe the meaning of cultural diversity and it relationship to nursing and explain three ways I will provide culturally sensitive care to my patients (Andrews, Margaret M., and Joyceen S. Boyle, 2016) Transcultural Nursing as a Necessary Specialty Transcultural nursing (TCN) is the interaction of nursing with different cultures. Transcultural nursing is a very important part of health care today due to the increase number of cultures in United State. TCN focuses on people’s cultural beliefs, attitude, value, behavior and practice related to health, illness, healing and human caring (Andrews, Margaret M., and Joyceen S. Boyle, 2016). This poses a very big challenge for nurses to deliver nursing care to their patients. These make it necessary for nurses to increase their cultural skills and knowledge. TheShow MoreRelatedCultural Diversity And Its Influence On Nursing Practice Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Diversity and its Influence on Nursing Practice The nursing profession has a long history of assessing and placing patient needs first when giving care. The tenets of nursing practice include meeting those needs using individualized care by collaborating with the patient, family, and health care team members. (American Nurses Association, 2010). The concept of transcultural nursing aligns with these tenets because it calls on nurses to provide patient-centered care by taking into accountRead MoreApplying Anthropology to Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Anthropology to Nursing Medical Anthropology is dedicated to the relationship between human behavior, social life, and health within an anthropological context. It provides a forum for inquiring into how knowledge, meaning, livelihood, power, and resource distribution are shaped and how, in turn, these observable facts go on to shape patterns of disease, experiences of health and illness, and the organization of treatments. It focuses on many different topics including the politicalRead MoreDiversity Is The Changing Demographics And Economics Of Our Growing Multicultural World1309 Words   |  6 Pages By Masereh Jallow Topic: Diversity in Nursing Page 1 Topic: Diversity in Nursing Diversity: The changing demographics and economics of our growing multicultural world, and the long-standing disparities in the health status of people from culturally diverse backgrounds has challenged health care providers and organizations to consider cultural diversity as a priority. Culture is one of the organizing concepts upon which nursing is based and defined. LeiningerRead MoreThe Culture Diversity Theory For Nursing Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Culture diversity theory Providing culturally competent nursing care begins with having basic principle knowledge and effective training us a nursing student. Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality defines nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession that focuses on patient care, experiences and creative thinking relevant to nursing and health care system. As nurse student in today’s society you will come in contact with a lot of cultural differencesRead MoreTranscultural Nursing : An Individual s Culture, Values Beliefs, And Practices1176 Words   |  5 PagesTranscultural nursing seeks to provide care that acknowledges an individual’s culture, values beliefs and practices. Nurses need to deliver culturally appropriate, and culturally sensitive care, a standard that is sometimes difficult due to the cultural and ethnic diversity within our society. Australia is a multicultural society. The 2011 Census revealed that almost a quarter of the p opulation were born overseas, and 43.1 per cent of people have at least one overseas-born parent. The ever-increasingRead MoreAn Unethical Behavior Among Its Nursing Staff1404 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Statement: Pleasant Valley Memorial hospital is experiencing unethical behavior among its nursing staff. Nursing Manager Susan manages the intensive care unit (NICU). Repeatedly, Susan encounters the NICU nurses allowing their personal beliefs to influence behavioral work norms and patient care. Dedicated nurses such as Nurse Pamela refuse to care for certain patients with lifestyles she opposes. Other nurses have mistreated a 16-year-old father of a baby under their care by ignoringRead MoreHow Culture Affects Nursing Care And The Way Humans Care For Themselves946 Words   |  4 Pagesperceive, know, and practice care in different ways, yet there are some commonalities about care among all the cultures in the world (Reynolds Leininger, pg 11).† Leininger states the theory can help to show how culture affects nursing care and the way humans care for themselves. Leininger holds to the idea that care is the central concept for nursing theory and research. The theory has many assumptive premises which include; Care is essential for overall health and well-being. Cultural care can provideRead MoreTranscultural Nursing : An Essential Aspect Of Healthcare Today1174 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract: Transcultural nursing is an essential aspect of healthcare today. The ever-increasing multicultural population in the United States poses a significant challenge to nurses providing individualized and holistic care to their patients. This requires nurses to recognize and appreciate cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs, and customs. Nurses must acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in cultural competency. Culturally competent nursing care helps ensure patient satisfactionRead MoreTranscultural Models in Healthcare Practices1610 Words   |  6 Pages Healthcare practices have been diversifying over the years. They are inclusive practices used to prevent, treat and manage illnesses. They also involve preservation of emotional and physical welfare of an individual through the incorporation of medical services and affiliated medical professionals. The tending towards health care practices is mainly practiced through Medicare, Medicaid, and the primary aspect of tending towards the ill and the injured. Medicare is a health practice catered to theRead MoreCultural Diversity For A Nursing1589 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Diversity in Nursing Cultural diversity plays an extremely vital role in nursing education and research and in the workforce. Culture can be defined as characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. As a nurse, understanding that not all patients are the same and that they can express different cultures shows that the nurses have an understanding and compassion of the patients’ differences

The Never Ending Drug War Essay - 5182 Words

Narcotics, guns and violence, the powerful elements of the never ending war. All these elements are part of the campaign to rid the world of the disaster that drugs so ferociously have inflicted upon America. The war, created by The United States’ demand and government circumstances, has been fighting drug lords and opportunists. The United States has for the past three decades declared that it is in a full fledged attack against drugs and the violence it fosters. For decades billions and billons of dollars have been justified through the infamous War on Drugs. The drug problem has not stopped. The money and military activity have not been enough, and the â€Å"urban problem,† has not been solved. It is that our governments do not have the†¦show more content†¦The United States has invested time, energy and military power in upholding the rhetoric of the War on Drugs. The United States commands the largest demand of the narcotics that are produced in foreign c ountries. The efforts to thwart and rid society of the drug epidemic have fallen short of success. Still billions and billions of dollars are still annually budgeted towards the fight. The United States has â€Å"fought† narcotics with the establishment of many government agencies and the creation of international programs to seek, detain and prevent the flow of drugs. Still the (Drug Enforcement Agency) DEA, the CIA and even Military forces have done little to end the constant supply of drugs to the United States. The cartels, organizations and Mafias that have emerged to ensure the supply of narcotics, still remain unchallenged by the United States. The powerful and ruthless cartels and drug lords have emerged as a reaction to the United States organized corruption. While the United States continues to point to the foreign governments’ inability to arrest and prosecute the organized drug movement, the billions of dollars allocated in the United states is seemingly do ing very little to end the flux of narcotics into its borders. In 1973 the Drug Enforcement Agency, (DEA), was established to deal with America’s fast growing drug problem. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Never Ending War Have you ever wondered how life would be if drugs were to be legalized? Would800 Words   |  4 Pages The Never Ending War Have you ever wondered how life would be if drugs were to be legalized? Would criminal activity decrease or increase? Many people have thought about this and some even believe that if drugs were to be legalized crime and drug usage would suddenly decrease. I think that the exact opposite would happen if drugs were to be legalized. These people also claim that drugs can help with some diseases. Although this may be true, I believe that the negative effects that drugs would bringRead MoreLegalizing Drugs754 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing illicit drugs Legalizing drugs? Sounds crazy, but this has been an endless war in the world. It has created overcrowding in prison, violent drug wars and thousands of dollars is spent on it every year just to control something that’s unstoppable. This paper argues that legalizing drugs would not only save money, but get rid of overcrowding in prisons and put an end to a drug war. By legalizing illicit drugs we’re basically unclogging the court system CanadianHarmreducation.com (2003)Read MoreWar on Drugs: Americas Fight against Drugs1278 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Americas War on Drugs: In the past 40 years, the American government has spent more than $2.5 trillion dollars on the war against drugs. The huge expenditure has been coupled by numerous the ad campaigns, clean-up on smuggling, and increase in illicit drug users and incarceration rates. Actually, the increase in illicit drug users currently stands at 19.9 million in the United States with huge supplies from Mexico. With the increase in both the expenditure and number of illegal drug users, thereRead MoreThe Dark Side Of Mexico1283 Words   |  6 PagesNarco, a nonfiction book, describes the drug war in Mexico that has continued and intensified in the past couple of decades. Criminal activities of drug traffickers have resulted in instability of Mexican citizens. Some casualties in the past decade have been more than 34,000 due to the drug war. The drug war is still ongoing between numerous Mexican drug cartels and the Mexican government. Because of Mexican drug war between the Mexican government and drug cartels many civilians have lost faith inRead MoreDrug Abuse And The Unwinnable War1462 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Abuse and the Unwinnable War Drugs are not a new thing by any means and have been commonplace in most cultures at one point or another. Throughout the known history of the world humans have used drugs to provide mind and mood altering experiences. Evidence of the production of alcohol can be traced back to the description of a brewery in an Egyptian papyrus as early as 3500 B.C (Fort, J. 1969). On a seemingly primal level, humans have always had some incessant need to alter their state of consciousnessRead MoreEssay about Ronald Reagan, a True Hero770 Words   |  4 PagesReagan was a true hero to many Americans. He was a strong president who cared for this country dearly, and Reagan really proved this by his actions during his presidency. He also proved his love for country by serving in the U.S Army during World War II. Ronald Reagan also came through as a hero by fixing the American Economy that was heading for disaster just like today’s. If you can reflect on what he had accomplished throughout h is administration you can clearly see why he was a popular twoRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1212 Words   |  5 Pagesundo the past† (Matsakis 119). In the book, Survivors Guilt by Aphrodite Matsakis, Ph. D, where Matsakis depicts what and why living with PTSD is unbearable. Matsakis explains that guilt is the root of PTSD. There is a never ending list of things to be guilty about after leaving a war, mainly; wishing you could get the health back of the injured, get back the lives that were taken and closure with soldiers you thought could have been saved. If the thoughts of these things could have closure and beRead MoreThe War On Drugs927 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1971 President Richard Nixon declared a War on Drugs stating that drug abuse was â€Å"public enemy number one†. Four decades later America is still waging this war that many say can never truly be won. The goal of this campaign has always been the prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military in tervention with the stated aim being to define and reduce the illegal drug trade however the tactics used thus far have done little to solve the problem of drugs in the United State. The use of militaryRead MoreCritical Review : The New Jim Crow 1520 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor argues the legal system doing its job â€Å"perfectly† well—the United States has simply replaced one caste system, the Jim Crow laws instituted in the 1880s and designed to oppress recently freed black slaves, for another—a system which uses the War on Drugs, which was instituted in the 1970s, to imprison, parole, and detain people of color, keeping the majority of minorities in the United States in a permanent state of incarceration. This an important issue because it affects the everyday lives ofRead MoreHeroin Addiction Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesHeroin Addiction Heroin addicts have the psychological dependence on heroin that leads them into the state of self-destruction and the possibility of leading to death by the extreme use of heroin. Never estimate the poppy flower for its power that withholds the fiends to their mentality enduring the euphoria enslavement of the mind that contained for many centuries. The heroin addiction nation is a self numbing injection and dry approach to have the mind under the state of the greatest feeling of

Understanding Organisations and the role of HR free essay sample

Good afternoon guys. Before I have my speech begun, please let me introduce myself to you guys. Sculpture is what I major in. I feel a little bit nervous upon my first speech in front of you now, but I am going to try my best. Since 21st century, we have seen a lot of creativity on every field. Every one emphasizes the creative power. As we see that Apple, which always stresses innovation and creativity, is a one of the biggest companies around the world, creativity is a key to success these days. To me, Creativity is an abstract idea. Maybe it is to you people as well. Anyway, everyone probably has different thoughts of what is creative. But I think creativity comes from how it looks in a way, I mean artistic fgures. Lets compare ones we use with ones we used to use. Take cell phones for example, when cell phone was firstly shown up to the public they were literally a sensation. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Organisations and the role of HR or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Who could think they would take a call outside with a wireless phone, even though they looked like a tank or something at that time. As we know, those cell phones at the beginning were technically amazingly convenient at the very moment. However, as time goes by, people have tended to find ore creative ones than ones that are even much better in hardware. Actually, I have heard a lot that many people like iPhones instead of others because iPhones look more beautiful than others so it seems to be more creative. As a result, their beautiful-looking makes themselves more creative to people. What if iPhone or other Apples products had the same function and hardware with an ugly shape, people would still think they are creative? I dont think so. Nowadays, not only the industrial products but also cultural industrial like movies or books also need creativity to succeed. Actually, according to some statistics a creative book cover helps its sales whether the contents of the book is good or bad. When we see those books in a bookstore, what we see first is the book cover and we get the first impression of it from the cover. So people annually make a new version of old ones which have old cover that we would feel corny now. The most important thing of a good movie is definitely its plot, and l, personally, think the secondly important thing of it is creative visual aspects. The way of shooting every scene and brand-new visual effects, they all ake a movie as a good movie. All in all, now we live in a creative life. Everything has evolved day by day. We can find and enjoy creativity everywhere. There are thousands of same thing, but what makes one of them standing-out is creativity. For me, what make one of them looking creative are artistic figures. It is, for sure, much better to buy something looking better and looking more creative than others, even if they are a little bit more expensive than others. So I think we need to pay more attention to these creative idea and artistic fgures to geta success. Thank you for your listening. Understanding Organisations and the role of By cdonaldson TASK 1 Santander UK plc is one of the leading personal financial services companies in the United Kingdom with more than 15 million customers serviced by a network of 1200 branches and with approximately 24,000 employees. It is the third largest bank in the I-JK with reference to the value of deposits and the 2nd largest in terms of mortgage accounts held. Santander boast an award-winning, innovative range of products and services for both personal and business customers. Personal banking customers can choose from a range of Current Accounts, Savings Accounts, Credit Cards, Un-secured Personal Loans, Mortgages and Insurance products. To enable customers to access their accounts whenever they need and manage them more effectively, Santander offer internet and mobile banking as well as telephone banking for the majority of accounts not forgetting any of the 1200 high street branches! Business and Corporate customers have access to a similar product range current and savings accounts, loans (secured and un-secured) and insurance products.

The Crucible Essay Research Paper The witch free essay sample

The Crucible Essay, Research Paper The enchantress tests in Salem, Massachusetts in the early 16 100s was a clip of uneasiness and intuition. Anyone could easy turn in his or her neighbour on the land of witchery. Person could simply state their neighbour # 8217 ; s spirit had attacked them during the dark, which no adult male can turn out. However, as a God-fearing community, they could non believe of denying the grounds, because to deny the being of Evil is to deny the being of Goodness, which is God. The most of import scene in the drama was act two, scene three, where John Proctor is able to speak with his married woman, Elizabeth, one last clip. He decides that he will # 8220 ; confess # 8221 ; to the offense of witchery, thereby avoiding being hung. However, to accept what he said, the justice besides requires him to subscribe a written confession which states that he confessed to the offense of witchery. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Essay Research Paper The witch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Judge Danforth would post it on the church door, to utilize Proctor as an illustration to acquire other people to squeal. That disquieted Proctor greatly, because people would look down on him with contempt, and it would blacken everlastingly his name. What was most of import to him was to do a base against the insanity of the town, for himself and for God, and utilizing that as a last resort to do people cognizant of what was go oning. This last base for righteousness is an illustration of monitor # 8217 ; s great character and principle. Arthur Miller wrote his drama, The Crucible, a narrative about the Salem enchantress tests, and the panic resulting from it, as an fable to demo people the insanity of the McCarthy hearings. He wrote it as an fable so that, if tried by McCarthy, he could state, # 8220 ; it # 8217 ; s merely a drama about the enchantress tests in Salem. How do you acquire this Communist thought from it? # 8221 ; The narrative illustrates how people react to mass craze, created by a individual or group of people wanting celebrity, as people did during the McCarthy hearings. Arthur Miller, moving as a great airy, warned us that if we did non become cognizant of history repetition itself, our society would be in danger. At the same clip, he had to make this in a affair that would non acquire him arrested, hence the witch-trial mechanisation.

Health and Safety Essay Example

Health and Safety Essay Potential for falling objects – The employer or employee must do certain that all points of equipment. stuffs and tools that are non in usage must be stored/stacked right and firmly. Otherwise. there is a possible that the item/item may fall and wound a individual. . Crisp borders and draging leads – Sharp borders must be rounded off to do certain that a individual does non band a portion of their organic structure on them and draging leads should be wrapped in something protective to bunch them together. and to do certain they are out of the manner. . Emptying assembly countries – This is a designated country for staff and other members to run into. We have these to round up people off from the fire to guarantee the safety of everyone. Employers must develop their staff about a fire emptying. doing certain they know which point on the premises to travel to. . Site edifice plants – From clip to clip. employees may happen themselves holding to come in certain countries which may be risky. holding to come into contact with risky substances or holding to be exposed to noisy countries. It is the employers that should guarantee that any edifice work is kept separate from employees but in certain fortunes. all attention must be taken to do certain employees are kept safe in their working environment. . Off-site work – Any hazards that are connected with off-site work must be assessed before the work takes topographic point. These hazards are highlighted and controlled in a similar manner as to how they would be in the workplace. Employees and persons involved in off-site working must be provided with the right preparation and must be given the right information about wellness and safety working. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Safety specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Safety specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Safety specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer . Organic infestation – When organic plagues arrive in the workplace. they can show infection jeopardies. be violative. pollute nutrient. create harm to stuffs and constructions and besides. can be an irritation to employees. Employers have a responsibility to guarantee that there is an efficient direction of organic plagues. otherwise things may intensify. But besides. employees have a duty to describe any sightings of plagues or to convey up grounds of their being to the suited individual. . Vermin infestation – Vermin infestation can do some serious jobs in the workplace. This can include: harm to equipment. harm to electrical supplies. and taint of any H2O supplies and besides the menace of holding disease from dungs or piss. Employers must do certain that they carry out hazard appraisals and employees must do certain that they report any sightings of rat/mice activity. Infestations can be prevented by holding good workplace hygiene. which involves regular housework. ( hoovering. cleaning rugs and cloths exhaustively ) . . Dampness and Mould – When moistness and mold arises. it can do legion wellness issues and jobs for the employees who work at that place. They may endure from allergic reactions and cold-like symptoms. which includes sneeze and cranky eyes. Damp jobs can besides do serious respiratory jobs for employees. It is the employer’s responsibility to maintain his staff happy and healthy. and so to lodge with this. they should guarantee that they can make all they can to forestall it. Ways which consist of: drying up any condensation around the workplace within 48 hours. put in proper airing and guaranting that cold surfaces are decently insulted. . Materials and Waste disposal – Some employees may come into contact with stuffs which could be risky to their wellness. If this isn’t dealt with decently. these can ensue in hurt or even decease. Employers must attest that they minimise the hazards to their workers that are exposed to these stuffs. Equally good as this. directors have a responsibility to do certain that risky waste is accurately recognized at certain phases of production and that appropriate steps are taken to protect the wellness of the environing people. . Hygiene installations – There are general public assistance demands for staff and employers must guarantee that certain minimal degrees of hygiene installations are provided in the workplace. Types of rinsing installations depend on the nature of what type of working concern it is. The country in which staff can rinse must be in an easy. accessible topographic point. They must be hygienic. good illuminated and ventilate. Hot soap and H2O must be provided and either manus towels and electric manus driers. Besides. work forces and adult females should hold separate installations. . Disabled entree and lavatory installations – Employers have a responsibility to guarantee that if they do employer a individual who is disabled to come and work for them. that there is sufficient handicapped lavation installations and lavatory installations. The installations should hold: drop down manus and besides support tracks. exigency pull cords. accessible wash basins. soap dispensers. toilet paper and paper towels. . Food readying countries – In any type of nutrient readying are. there must be rigorous regulations and ordinances laid down by the employer to forestall nutrient from being contaminated. Equally good as this. it is their duty to do certain that their employees and staff aren’t a hazard to nutrient safety. This is where employers need to concentrate on 4 chief countries to guarantee wellness and safety: maintaining the country clean. describing any unwellnesss. vesture and personal cleanliness/hygiene. . Pest control – Employers must make a figure of things to command plagues. A few of them being: securing edifices to forestall them from come ining. puting and maintain toxicants and traps to kill them. spraying insect powders to kill plagues and put ining ultraviolet insect slayers. . Noise and atmospheric pollution – This can be a serious issue to workers and employers have a responsibility to cut down any noise pollution that might take to damage to the ears. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations applies to any workers who are exposed to noises over 85 dBs or more in the workplace. Durable exposure to this sum of noise will damage an employees hearing. In add-on to commanding noise pollution. employers must guarantee that their workers aren’t exposed to atmospheric pollution. This is known as air pollution. Atmospheric pollution is any particulate affair nowadays in the air that has the possible to damage someone’s wellness. This includes: dust. exhausts and gases. Any wellness status that is caused by atmospheric pollution has the possible to be really fatal for the people in the workplace. Employers have a legal duty to do certain that hazard appraisals are carried out. Suitable and efficient proviso must be provided to guarantee that every workspace is ventilated by a measure of fresh or even purified air. . Temperature and airing – Temperature in work countries should supply sensible comfort without the demand for certain types of vesture. If the temperature is excessively hot or cold. stairss should be taken to accomplish a sensible temperature which is close to comfortable. If employees. staff or any kind of worker is exposed to temperatures that are excessively high or low. the employer must do proviso to do certain that their workers are every bit comfy as possible. Equally good as temperature control. workplaces must guarantee that there is some signifier of airing. This gives workers the chance to take a breath fresh. clean air when they are working. Windows can be one from of airing and another could be decently installed mechanical systems. Both of which provide airing for workers. Ventilation systems which are provided in the workplace should take and thin. warm. humid air which can sometimes be uncomfortable to work in. . Equipment – Maintenance of a safe working environment ranges from holding safe equipment and warning marks to assist protect workers from being harmed. . Safety guards – The guarding of unsafe machinery has been a legal demand for many old ages under the Health and Safety at Work act 1974. Employers must do certain that unsafe machinery that is being used by the workers are trained and the appropriate individual for the occupation. . Warning marks and sound signals – One of the most common safety characteristics in the workplace are warning marks which are used to alarm employees and workers to the possible hazards or dangers that are around them. Besides. warning marks may teach employees on what to make if an exigency occurred. Certain marks such as fire issues must be able to illume up in the instance of an exigency and they must besides be fitted with hearable dismaies. Training must be provided to every employee so that they understand the information or waies being conveyed by any warning marks in their workplace. Another point is. is that the general safety demands for staff in the workplace is that all workers should be cognizant of any sound signals that the company uses if there is of all time an exigency state of affairs. These sound signals are classed as safety marks and staff should do certain that they know what to make if one of these goes away. Staff and workers should be trained to cognize what each and every sound signal agencies in instance of an exigency and besides to cognize what they have to make in the event of hearing it travel off. . Maintenance frequence – A batch of accidents that that go on in the workplace are due to faulty or ill maintained work equipment. Employers have a responsibility to do certain that all of their equipment is maintained and in good form. They should besides guarantee that the care log is kept up to day of the month screening when the machinery and equipment was last inspected/serviced. The care frequence of workplace machinery and equipment depends on legion factors. such as the working bounds and maximal usage of equipment. how it is used and the hazard to safety of malfunction. . Protective vesture – Several occupation functions require staff and workers to have on protective vesture. This can do the occupation that they have much easier. can forestall them from acquiring an hurt and can even salvage lives. Baseball gloves. helmets. footwear. face masks. chemical suits. high-visibility waistcoats and oculus defenders all come under types of PPE. It is the employer’s duty to guarantee that their workers and employees have PPE provided and that it besides matches the possible jeopardies. They must besides guarantee that employees know why they must have on their PPE and that it must be worn right. . Accessible exigency exits – As a portion of their exigency hazard appraisal. employers must take into consideration whether. in the event of an exigency. like a fire that is taking topographic point. all persons that are in the workplace could go forth in a safe mode and make a safe finish. So for this. they must supply safe and accessible fire issues. These fire issues must be clearly signposted with marks that light up and that are alarmed. . Fire asphyxiators or sprinkler systems – In the workplace. employers must do certain that they provide the agencies for staff to handle little fires. The figure of fire asphyxiators that are required within a concern. all depends on how big or little that concern is. Typically. asphyxiators are sited following to possible fire hazards. such as warmers or a computing machine. and they are besides near to issue doors and staircases. Besides. asphyxiators must be obviously signed and labelled. There are five chief types of asphyxiator. and these are: H2O. froth. CO2. pulverization and wet chemical. Employers must do certain that they train their staff and workers to cognize which type of asphyxiator to utilize on a fire and so that they besides know how to work them decently. A much more effectual manner of covering with fires that occur in the workplace. is the installing of a H2O sprinkler system. These work by a fire triping them and H2O is so fed from the H2O supply and puts out the fire. These sprinkler systems are seen as a safer manner of seting out a fire and besides much more effectual.

Mobile Phone Communication and Development of Intimacy

Mobile Phone Communication and Development of Intimacy Introduction Intimacy entails development of feelings of closeness and belonging between two individuals involved in an intimate relationship. The closeness, which develops over some time, involves the two people having knowledge and experience of each other thereby giving room for the development of awareness and affective behaviors (Morris 2002, par. 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Communication and Development of Intimacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the intimate interactions are the interpersonal associations, which develop out of repeated interactions between two individuals and fulfillment of the emotional needs of each other. Social psychologists indicate that the late adolescence and premature adulthood stages of life-span development are the most important stages for development of interpersonal associations in an individual. This also involves the period when most ind ividuals are occupied with the urge of experiencing romantic and intimate relationships. Research studies indicate that development of intimate relationships follows the development of self-experience and self-formation. In this case, self-formation entails the way in which an individual presents oneself to others and to him/herself in the society. The social environment plays a major role in shaping the development of oneself in that an individual’s characteristics are attributable to the way that individual presents oneself to the society (Goffman 1973, par. 2). In the theory, Front and Back regions, it is indicated that, in the day-to-day interpersonal interactions, a social meaning is attached to how one individual’s roles or appearances are perceived by others and the society at large. This then implies that for two individuals to develop a connection, they must be engaged in a physical interaction, which will then lead to development of an emotional connection an d thus intimate relationships. However, with the emergence of technological changes, the perception of intimacy and thus development of intimate relationships has changed to a great extent. Besides the society playing a major role in the development of self-experience and self-formation, the mediated interactions such as mobile phone communications has added to the options an individual explores when undergoing self-differentiation. This essay is aimed at evaluating the impact of using the mobile phone as a medium for development of intimate relationships on the current perceived meaning of intimacy. The essay further compares the perception of intimacy in an ordinary society and in a mediated environment in order to acknowledge the major changes that have occurred in the contemporary society as a result of technological changes. Intimacy in the Contemporary Society The above discussions indicate that development of intimacy follows the development of self-experience and self-format ion. In the ancient society, the two processes were mainly dependent on social factors, which determine their formation and appropriation.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the contemporary society, which is characterized by new methods of telecommunication and visual technology, the process of self actualization has changed largely affecting most intimate relationships. In this case, self-formation is more spontaneous and undefined in that a person will always rely on various resources within his/her reach, which are perceived to be important in the process of self-identity (Thompson 1995, p. 207). This individual enjoys the freedom of exploring a variety of media resources such as the television, the internet, films, and movies, which provide figurative materials that guide a person through self actualization. Thompson (1995, p. 208), states that when the process of self-formation is guided by the media, its connection to the society or the social factors that govern the process is slackened but not obliterated. The connection between the social factors or milieu and self-formation can remain loose for as long as the mediated interaction between two individuals is sustained. The situation further offers an individual non-local familiarity of the other person (Miller et al. 2007, par. 14). On the other hand, social psychological studies indicate that development of intimacy is pegged on the development of familiarity and closeness between two individuals in a social setting. Through expressions better known as the front, an individual is able to display the expected impression to others. The front will therefore influence self-formation in the sense that when an individual interacts with others in the society, chances are that this individual will tend to act in such a way to impress others. In addition, a person who realizes self-formation thr ough his/her physical interaction with others in the society will be better placed in terms of understanding what other individuals and the society at large expects of someone. The Front and Back theory posits that the front can be anticipated through a variety of expressions and signs. Through these expressions, an individual displays certain characteristics such as appearances and manners, which can tell others about his/her status in society. On the other hand, the back or the secondary presentations displayed by an individual are observed in mediated interactions such as through a mobile phone conversation (Thompson 1995, p. 209). In such a situation, it is hard to feel or create an impression of what the other person displays. Research studies indicate that relationships built on the foundation of mediated interactions are characterized by contradicted truths behind expressions and they are bound to face many conflicts and differences. This is because the two individuals involv ed in such a relationships feel less bound by the social norms or responsibilities defining them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone Communication and Development of Intimacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is worth noting that mediated communication and interaction between two individuals in a relationship brings with it a new form of intimacy, which differs in certain aspects with what has been regarded as intimacy for decades. In the ancient society, intimacy was characterized by reciprocity whereby one positive action is met with an equivalent positive response. Therefore, utterances and actions are exchanged between the two individuals in such a way that conflicts are resolved easily and thus intimacy rules. Meanwhile, a relationship founded on the basis of mobile phone conversations can also experience reciprocity of some kind but fail to display the fundamental characteristics of the intimate re lationships existing between individuals sharing the same milieu (Fehr Gachter 2000, par. 1). Looking at the characteristics of intimacy in the context of mediated environments, it is thus evident that media has brought with it a new form of non-reciprocal intimacy free of any formal commitments associated with reciprocity. This is a form of intimacy that can exist between a wide range of individuals sharing divergent views, social backgrounds, and localities over a long period of time. Conclusions This essay explores the various ways in which the perception of intimacy in the modern society varies from that held over the decades in the ancient society. This is achieved through critically analyzing the principles of two theories, the front and back theory and the theory of self-formation and experience. From the discussions above, it can be noted that intimacy is a poignant or bodily connection that exists between two individuals sharing the same locale or different locales. In the ancient society, intimacy was known to develop when two individuals sharing the same locale came together to share actions and utterances in a reciprocal manner. However, with the emergence of modern technology, new forms of intimacy arose in the contemporary society. These forms are characterized by non-reciprocity and wide geographical distances between the two partners. Reference List Fehr, E, Gachter, S 2000, ‘Fairness and retaliation: the economics of reciprocity,’  Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.14, no. 3, pp. 159-181. Goffman, E 1973, The presentation of self in everyday life, The Overlook Press, New York.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Miller, RS, Perlin, D Brehm, SS 2007, Intimate relationships, 4th edn, McGraw-Hill, Toronto. Morris, D 2002, People watching: the Desmond Morris Guide to body language,  Vintage, New York. Thompson, MB 1995, The media and modernity: a social theory of the media, Polity Press, Cambridge.

Antropology Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antropology - Article Example This is evident in the disparate species of Manzanita shrubs, which thrive, in different altitudes. Another one of the isolating mechanism is behavioral isolation in which potential mates converge but refuse to mate, as they prefer individuals from their own species as evident in the mating rituals of the albatross. This is in contrast to mechanical isolation where mating and copulation is attempted but sperm transmission does not occur. The two-lipped flower, a species of sage, found in California is an example of this (Calow 379-380). 2. Define cephalic index and explain how it originally was used in an ethnocentric manner. Define eugenics and explain two specific ways (one human, one nonhuman) in which it can be used in a non-ethnocentric manner. Explain the relationship between polytypic, continuous variation and the vitamin D hypothesis. The cephalic index was used to determine the intelligence of a person or her behavior based on the measurement of the skull or the cranium. The size of the cranium determined the superiority of the race. Proponents of Eugenics utilized this idea to forward race improvement through government control on marriage and family. The principles of eugenics can be used in non-ethnocentric manner, as to prohibit the marriage of two groups of populations that increases the possibility of genetic diseases (Jurmain and Nelson 118). In dogs or other mammals, such as race horses the principles can be applied for stronger breed. Yet, eugenics limits the freedom of the genes to function freely (Jurmain and Nelson 112). Polytypic species is composed of one population of species and homosapiens are one of them. Phenotypic variations are evident among humans as they exhibit differences in skin color for instance base on the environment or circumstance in which they live. One of these hypotheses the li ghtening of the skin color in higher altitudes, which cause the body to generate more Vitamin D said to prevent diseases such as rickets (Jablonski 585 - 623 ) 3. Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg theory is related to both polymorphisms and balanced polymorphisms. Explain how the terms prions and BSE are related to the terms vector and pathogen. The Hardy Weinberg theory or equilibrium is one of the main theories in population genetics, which also states that relative gene frequency stay constant from generation to the next. This is based on a mathematical model. This theory is related to polymorphism, as this is typified by the constant equilibrium with disparate alleles of the genes which at unvarying relative frequencies in a certain population. Prions are like pathogens because they result to diseases such as the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Hence BSE is a prion, which could be transmitted through a vector, contact or bite of an animal. 4. Explain the difference between acclimatization and adaptation, giving one example in humans for each. Explain Bergmann's Rule and Allen's rule and how they are related to high altitude and ossification of epiphysis/diaphysis. Define biocultural evolution, explaining both the example of lactose intolerance and sickle cell anemia for this term. What are pleiotropic genes and how do they affect sexual dimorphism and transgenerational problems Adaptation is the means humans utilize to meet the challenges of their environment whereas

President Obama and Agenda for Possible Second Term Essay

President Obama and Agenda for Possible Second Term - Essay Example Over the years, through the development of broadcast technology, candidates are given an opportunity by the media to sell their policies through a public debate. This platform helps them to improve on their campaigns, and it assists the voters to evaluate also the candidates. The communication advisor is necessary during the campaign period because he advises the candidate and party on what strategies to use to ensure victory in the elections. As a communication advisor in the Barrack Obama campaign team in the current elections, I would suggest prioritization of some issues during the final weeks of the campaign. This essay will highlight the current trending issues in the country’s politics, and advice on some arguments and the positions that the team should emphasize on. During the final campaign weeks, some issues should not be emphasized on as shall be pointed out in the essay; moreover, the last weeks of campaigning are prominent in gathering the votes of the undecided v oters, and developing trust from the voters on the direction, which the country should take. Political structures are social structures in the society; therefore, the campaign teams need to consider the social dynamics in the society for their success. The key factor is that campaigns involve communication of messages to the public with an objective of getting their support during the elections. Therefore, it is necessary to design the message to appeal to the voters (White, 2010). In addition, the social judgment theory applies to every person because people hear a message then they compare it with another, and they make a judgment on where to place it in the different mental categories. Further, people develop some mental yardsticks (Latitudes) of acceptance, rejection and non-commitment to a message. Therefore, in the case of Obama’s campaign, one needs to know what and how to communicate messages to the public in order to persuade them towards the desired direction or vot ing. In Obama’s campaign, the use of persuasive social skills to influence voters is easier than in Romney’s team because Obama has excellent, persuasive skills through his speech. Persuasion and influence of people is necessary in all the social theories, and is essential to getting people to accept the party’s political ideologies and policies. In the current political campaign, the candidates are contesting in their campaigns on several issues. Some of them include foreign policies, energy, education, healthcare and the economy. In this presidential campaign, I would suggest that the issues to do with foreign policy and energy should not be focused on by the Obama Campaign team during the last weeks towards elections. This is because the policies and suggestions on these issues are not different to the ones used in the previous four years of the Obama Administration. Therefore, based on the consistency theory, people do not expect them to change so the campai gn should focus on other, different issues (Clarke, 2008). In the economic, education and healthcare issues, there are many differences in policies between the candidates and hence, the campaign should emphasize on them in order to develop proper social judgment from the voters.

Logical fallacies in an editorial (editorial rebuttel) Essay

Logical fallacies in an editorial (editorial rebuttel) - Essay Example Since the authors name is not disclosed, the views expressed therein can be attributed to the Editorial Board of USA Today. In the immediate aftermath of the catastrophic oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Obama Adminstration issued a moratorium banning all drilling activity in the region for the next six months. This meant that all 33 oil rigs in the Gulf will remain idle, along with tens of thousands of oil-rig workers. The moratorium elicited mixed reactions from different sections of society and body politic. The republicans accuse President Obama of pandering to the insecurities and fears of the masses, whereas public opinion is fairly supportive of this decision. The editorials central argument is that the moratorium is too arbitrary a measure; and that the Obama Adminstration could have drawn up more specific set of criteria for the reopening of rigs. The author goes one step ahead and enlists three specific criterions for the eventual reopening of rigs. These are: â€Å"Is it safe to drill?, Is there a credible plan for plugging a blowout?, and Is the industry capable of cleaning up a catastrophic spill?†. He further explains the rationale behind these questions. To this extent there seems to be no editorial bias one way or the other. Major newspapers in the United States are classified as either liberal or conservative; and it appears that the author takes up neither position in the article. Hence it is easy to come to the conclusion that the editorial is not ideologically slanted, and that it espouses neither the right-wing nor the left-wing perspective. But a closer examination reveals more fundamental deficiencies. Beneath the veneer of being objective and critical, one could detect the soft stance toward major oil corporations. Given the sheer scale of the oil-spill catastrophe, one would expect a

The Local Tourism Industry In Botswana Tourism Essay

The Local Tourism Industry In Botswana Tourism Essay 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO RESEARCH Botswana is a relatively small country located in Southern Africa, sandwiched between South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia. A landlocked country, however what it lacks in coastline, it more than makes up for in tourist attractions that have pulled in visitors from across the world. Known mostly for the Okavango Delta, the Kalahari Desert and its Bushmen, and the numerous wildlife sanctuaries and parks that are a host to numerous endangered species. With a population of approximately 1.8 million people, mostly Setswana speaking, it has enjoyed 40 years of independence and gained its reputation as one of the fastest developing nations since, transforming itself from one of the poorest in the world, to a middle economy country. These great achievements have propelled Botswana into recognition as one of the most politically and economically stable in Africa. For a long time, Botswanas economy has been heavily dependent on the mining industry, boasting over 75% of the countrys export earnings. Although the country is also rich in copper, nickel and gold, diamonds are the most profitable. They were first discovered in the late 1960s, and since, the industry has flourished and established itself as the worlds largest producer of gem-quality diamonds. This industry is in no doubt responsible for assisting in and facilitating the speedy development of the country. Other key sectors include the agricultural industry (exporting quality beef), textile and livestock industries, exporting quality beef. One of the most important objectives of government policy towards achieving its Vision 2016 is the diversification of the economy away from dependence on the mining sector. In recent years, the growing tourism industry has proven itself as a significant contributor to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic growth. With the countrys competitive advantage of its vast natural resources and offerings, it is automatically put it in a position where it can prosper not just regionally, but internationally as well. This growth and prosperity can be attributed to initiatives taken by the government in order to boost and improve the industry. Various strategies and policies have been implemented to try and spur private investment. It has initiated campaigns for the development and improvement of the facilities in the National and wildlife parks in order to preserve the environment and its ecosystems. Foreign investment is encouraged, although only if those wishing to do so conduct joint ventures with the citizens, to promote their involvement in the development of the industry. They introduced a policy which allowed both foreign and local investors in tourism, among other selected sectors, to receive grants from the Government, clearly gave a boost to investment in tourism All these developments have led to an increase in international visitors which in turn has led to an increase in the need for accommodation, and therefore an increase in the building of hotels and lodges. Extracted from FDI AND TOURISM: THE DEVELOPMENT DIMENSION, EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA. A United Nations Case Study 2003 The hotels that have been established are both locally and internationally owned, however research reveals that ownership is dominated by international companies and individuals. The most popular of these hotels are; Sun International (a South African franchise), Cresta Hotels (another South African franchise belonging to the TA Group), The Grand Palm and Mondior Summit (a member of the South African Mondior Company). In an ideal environment, it would have been the other way around, with industrial control fully domestic instead of dependent on foreign aid. The drawbacks of having an unbalanced ownership scale (or one that is not heavily domestic) in the tourism industry, include loosing vital revenues collected to foreigners and the inability of complete revenue maximization by the government and the citizens. The presence of these multinational hotel chains is evidence that the initiatives taken by the government to boost the industry are effective. However, only to a limited extent because in order for the industry to survive, they have to allow foreign investors to participate but this is pushing the industry into the hands of these foreigners and away from those who can benefit from it the most; the citizens. With this proposal, I intend to find out if there is a relationship between the large internationally owned hotels and lodges and the significantly smaller locally owned ones. 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM The tourism industry in Botswana is still in its growth phase, with government programs dedicated to the upgrading and development of the areas that attract most tourists. The hotel industry is one that has seen considerable growth in relation to the governments policy. In order to help expand this industry, the government has favored foreign investment and made it easier for foreigners to invest on a long term basis with political and economic stability providing an ideal investment climate. As a result, the hospitality and accommodation sectors have seen numerous international hotels, lodges and hotel chains set up around the country. Although significant for a maturing industry, the abundance of internationally owned and operated establishments signals an inequality in the ownership when compared to the locally operated establishments. The industry is dominated by foreign proprietors and it seems they are overpowering local entrepreneurship. The irony of the situation is that in order for tourists to experience the genuine Setswana environment, they would have to place themselves in an atmosphere that would reflect the true Setswana lifestyle, and that is more than often found in a locally owned establishment. The success of these international hotels is testament to numerous situations, such as: the local hotels arent performing to meet the standards of the tourists Most of the internationally operated hotels around Botswana can be classified as 5star, and for the economically well-off visitor, luxury and comfort may play a larger role than experiencing the Setswana lifestyle in choosing where to stay. There is also a level of quality that can be expected when dealing with an internationally established and world renowned hotel that may cause visitors to automatically opt for it instead of trying out a local hotel. This is not to suggest that the local hotels are not up to par, but the unfortunately the reputation of an international hotel, far exceeds that of a local one. the tourists are not aware of their services As more and more of the world business is turning electronic, i.e over the internet, more and more tourists rely on the internet to inform them on where to stay, and the use of the travel agent as an intermediary between the hotel and the tourist is slowly becoming obsolete. It has taken a little bit longer for some businesses to realize the importance of the internet as a marketing tool, and its ability to help them reach out to potential customers. Many hotels have not yet come to this realization and it is this way that they missing out on opportunities by failing to expose themselves to a wider audience. Advertising plays an important role in determining the success or failure of a company and if it fails to run an effective marketing scheme then it will receive limited responses. Either of these situations results in loss of revenue for the local hospitality and accommodation sector and all those involved. These consequences have a long term domino effect, where one situation triggers the other, or one situation is the direct or indirect consequence of another. Such as: Managerial positions are dominated by foreigners The only posts reserved for locals are those with lower salaries General failure of the industry to contribute to the development of the local community and the eradication of poverty. 1.2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT The local tourism market in Botswana is saturated by large foreign owned hotels and this is pushing the locally owned ones into the background. 1.2.2 RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this research proposal is to answer the question: What is the impact of the international hotel giants on the local accommodation and hospitality market? My intention is conduct a qualitative study by interviewing local entrepreneurs to get an in-depth and personal opinion on the role that these hotel giants play in the industry. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the impact that international hotel franchises have on the local hospitality and accommodation market in Botswana. This study can be broken down into categories that when concluded, should give a clear understanding of the above mentioned issue. To recognize the relationship between the abundance of the internationally operated hotels and lodges and the scarcity of locally owned ones. To determine the impact that these international giants on the local hotels. To examine the repercussions that the international hotel chains have on the local tourism industry. To develop research in this area in order to recognize how the current situation can be overcome. 1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF RESEARCH The reason I have chosen this particular topic is because the tourism industry in Botswana is rapidly becoming a vital contributor to the countrys GDP, as the need for economic diversification away from the mining industry becomes more urgent. As a vital part of the economy, it is important that the public be aware of all aspects that contribute to its growth. By creating public awareness on how the local market is influenced by these foreign giants, it is my hope that they will take initiatives to be more supportive and more participative in the industry. Another reason for pursuing this topic is because research previously conducted has been limited and non specific, . . . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The primary purpose of this research is to find out if and how the local entrepreneurs business has been affected by the international hotel chains. What I want find out is the experience, opinion and feelings of these entrepreneurs towards these hotels. The best way to collect this data would be through conducting an interview, specifically a structured interview. I chose this method because: It allows for me to investigate the thoughts, views, assumption, feelings, attitudes and perceptions of the interviewee which cannot be provided by any other method of data collection. It allows me to ask more complex questions and also the ability to validate the data as I collect it, which improves the overall quality of the data. Due to geographic constraints, my interviews are going to have to be conducted over the phone. The advantages of telephone interview include: More freedom for the interviewee because they are not under pressure from a face-to-face scenario, therefore the interviewee feels more comfortable. This also means that their responses will be more honest and open. SAMPLE SIZE I intend to interview a total of ten local businesses located all around the country, in order to determine whether it is a national or just localized phenomenon. I want to find out the opinion of the businessman and woman in all tourist attractions around Botswana to establish whether their view is universal. PROJECT OUTLINE Chapter 1 Introduction This starts with a brief description of Botswanas economic history and the contribution that the tourism industry is making towards it. The Research Problem describes how the introduction of International hotels signifies the growth of the industry but that may be at the expense of the local entrepreneurs. Therefore it is my responsibility with this project to find out exactly how these hotels have affected local businesses and to achieve this, I will conduct interview with ten of these businessmen and women. Chapter 2 Literature Review The exploration and analysis of secondary data procured over the internet. I will study journals related to or contributing to the topic, in order to find out the significance of my research. Chapter 3 Research Framework This is an in-depth analysis of the method of data collection, sample sizes and distribution in order to inform the reader on every step of primary data collection process. 1.7 DELIMITATIONS OF SCOPE The scope of this research is limited to local entrepreneurs in the accommodation and hospitality industry in Botswana, although only those involved in the operation of hotels, lodges or guest houses. The aim of this research is to solicit their opinion on the effect that the international hotel giants have on their businesses with the assumption is that they have all been affected either in a good or bad way by the success of these international hotels. This research will provide an analytical view of how these local businesses are doing in comparison to the hotels, and this information will be useful to these entrepreneurs in trying to improve the current situation. CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter is an introductory chapter that starts off by describing the economic history of Botswana and the influence that the tourism industry has had. The main issue revolves around how this industry has seen the establishment of international hotels and what role these hotels play on the local hospitality and accommodation market. The research questions outline what type of information Im trying to solicit and the choice of data collection most suitable for that is through conducting interviews. http://www.bidpa.bw/docs/archive/Economic%20Diversification/TheTourismSector.pdf http://botswana.usembassy.gov/resources/commercial-section/tourism-and-investment.html

Persepolis Essays -- Marjane Satrapi

Persepolis Amazing, intriguing, and unimaginable are just a few words to describe how I felt about Persepolis while I read this true life story of Marjane Satrapi. This book has helped me to see all the life struggles, good times, and adversities that Marji faced between the ages of nine to thirteen. The Islamic Revolution had such a daunting effect in the Middle East, especially in the county of Iran where Marji and her family resided. In the year of 1979 all that Marjane knew what it was like to not have to be forced into wearing a veil. Before the Islamic Revolution she was able to attend a a French Non-Religious school where girls and boys were allowed to study and play together. Unfortunately her world of carefree ness ended once the Islamic government decided to change their ways and force others to conform to their religious beliefs of what is right and wrong. Marjanne was raised by two very independent and brilliant parents who were upper middle class people. Her parents tried to raise her to believe that she could be anything that she wanted to be as long as she put her mind to it. Mr. Satrapi would give Marji books on communism and by Marz, because her father was a Marxist. Once the Islamic revolution took over Iran Marji had to wear the veil and was not allowed to go to school with her male friends because it is not of Islam for children of different sexes to be educated in a unisex school environment. Marjane's mother Mrs. Satrapi was a protester and her and her husband believed in protesting for things that they did not believe in. Protesting was seen as demonstrations that meant bad to all who participated in them. Well Mrs. Satrapi, was photographed by a German photographer in the act of protesting one day... ...had a law that if a virgin woman was against the Islamic Revolution she would be married first to her enemy and she would be de-virginized and then killed. I found this really appalling not only were these girls about to be killed because they had different opinions, but first their innocence would be taken from them. I really enjoyed this book and it made me sympathize with the good people in the Middle East. It was nice to see how Marjane Satrapi grew up and try to learn how difficult life was for her and her people. This book made me really grateful for all that I have been blessed with through God. This novel taught me a lot about Iranian history and how the whole Islamic Revolution began. This novel was so good that I am in the process of going to buy the follow-up to her novel. Bibliography: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Paris: Pantheon Books, 2003. Persepolis Essays -- Marjane Satrapi Persepolis Amazing, intriguing, and unimaginable are just a few words to describe how I felt about Persepolis while I read this true life story of Marjane Satrapi. This book has helped me to see all the life struggles, good times, and adversities that Marji faced between the ages of nine to thirteen. The Islamic Revolution had such a daunting effect in the Middle East, especially in the county of Iran where Marji and her family resided. In the year of 1979 all that Marjane knew what it was like to not have to be forced into wearing a veil. Before the Islamic Revolution she was able to attend a a French Non-Religious school where girls and boys were allowed to study and play together. Unfortunately her world of carefree ness ended once the Islamic government decided to change their ways and force others to conform to their religious beliefs of what is right and wrong. Marjanne was raised by two very independent and brilliant parents who were upper middle class people. Her parents tried to raise her to believe that she could be anything that she wanted to be as long as she put her mind to it. Mr. Satrapi would give Marji books on communism and by Marz, because her father was a Marxist. Once the Islamic revolution took over Iran Marji had to wear the veil and was not allowed to go to school with her male friends because it is not of Islam for children of different sexes to be educated in a unisex school environment. Marjane's mother Mrs. Satrapi was a protester and her and her husband believed in protesting for things that they did not believe in. Protesting was seen as demonstrations that meant bad to all who participated in them. Well Mrs. Satrapi, was photographed by a German photographer in the act of protesting one day... ...had a law that if a virgin woman was against the Islamic Revolution she would be married first to her enemy and she would be de-virginized and then killed. I found this really appalling not only were these girls about to be killed because they had different opinions, but first their innocence would be taken from them. I really enjoyed this book and it made me sympathize with the good people in the Middle East. It was nice to see how Marjane Satrapi grew up and try to learn how difficult life was for her and her people. This book made me really grateful for all that I have been blessed with through God. This novel taught me a lot about Iranian history and how the whole Islamic Revolution began. This novel was so good that I am in the process of going to buy the follow-up to her novel. Bibliography: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Paris: Pantheon Books, 2003.

Reputation Thesis Essay

Hashib, 2 In Shakespeare’s Othello, the main characters Cassio and Iago portray how important reputation can be. Iago uses his reputation as an advantage; he manipulates Cassio, Othello and his wife Emilia. No one knows that Iago has two colors and is masking his true self. Othello is under the impression that Iago is an honest man, and he puts his faith and trust on him. Iago starts hinting that Desdemona is being unfaithful to Othello, â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you ;( III, iii, 206-208). Othello becomes paranoid and doubtful and becomes doubtful of his wife. Iago had malice towards Cassio and he convinces Cassio by telling him to drink for Othello and Desdemona. Cassio becomes drunk and starts to get in a fight. Othello dismisses Cassio for getting heavily drunk and disobeying his orders. Cassio understands he has lost his reputation, however he doesn’t know that he was part of an evil plot set by Iago. â€Å"O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial† (2. 3. 251-3) Charlie Sheen, the star of the hit sitcom Two and a Half Men has entertained people with his witty dialogues. After his split with his wife he turned to cocaine, alcohol and prostitutes. Media frenzy quickly arose around Sheen’s drug and alcohol problems. Stan Rosenfield described Charlie’s â€Å"12 step call† to a fellow drug addict in night-time rehab (Woman’ Day 1). Charlie Sheen was kicked out of the show Two and Half men. His one mistake changed his whole life and reputation in a negative way. Hashib, 3 A person’s reputation is directly parallel to his/her actions. Iago says â€Å"Reputation is an idle and/ most false imposition, oft got without merit and/ lost without deserving,† (II, iii, 267-269). People often makes judgments based on a person’s reputation. In today’s society our reputation is a big part of our lives. We can never control our reputation but only influence it. Hashib, 4 Works Consulted Traskos, Kevin T. â€Å"Kill All The Lawyers? : Shakespeare Legal Appeal. †Ã‚  Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. We b. 12 Jan. 2013. . Charlie Shaeen’s Bizarre Meltdown. â€Å"Women’ Day [ Australia] 10 May 2010. General Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. Washington: The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Hashib, 5 Works Citied Charlie Shaeen’s Bizarre Meltdown. â€Å"Women’ Day [ Australia] 10 May 2010. General Onefile. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA226779267&v=2. 1&u=nysl_me_77_bnchs&it=r&p=ITOF&sw=w Shakespeare, William. Othello. Washington: The Folger Shakespeare Library, 1993. Print. Traskos, Kevin T. â€Å"Kill All The Lawyers? : Shakespeare Legal Appeal. †Ã‚  Go. galegroup. com. N. p. , 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. . A person’s reputation is directly parallel to his/her actions. Name: S. M Hashib Period: 7 Class: E7

Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd. The WritePass Journal

Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd.   Introduction Use Ansoffs matrix to evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent ltd.   Introduction  1.  Evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present dayProduct DevelopmentMarket DevelopmentDiversification 2. Evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurship has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day3. Evaluate the extent to which leadership styles has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day4. Evaluate the extent to which both the strategic direction and the method of development chosen are suitableStrategic capabilityIntellectualFinancialHumanPhysicalIssues that face Innocent and Coca-ColaEthicsCompetitionCultureSuitabilityStep1- Create a sense of urgencyStep2-Pull together the guiding teamStep3- Develop the change vision and strategyStep4- Communicate the vision broadlyStep5- Empower others to actStep 6- Quick successStep7-Buil momentum and keep pushingStep8- Create a new culture ReferencesRelated   Introduction   1.  Evaluate the extent to which innovation has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day To start off with Innocent only had one product which is their renowned smoothie made from squashed up fruits. After entering the market with their famous healthy juice they were able to provide themselves with sufficient finance, in 10 years they were able turn over  £110 million calculating out to  £6m profit. With the additional finance Innocent were able to diversify their product range and widen the scope of their business. This successful turnover led them into creating and developing new products and penetrating into different markets such as, â€Å"Yoghurt thickies† â€Å"Juicy waters† â€Å"Wedged shaped cartons† –   Fitting neatly into lunchboxes (entered into the children’s market in 2005) In relation to the new products that Innocent have introduced it is possible to use the Ansoffs matrix in order to analyse the development of products into different markets and place them into the categories within the matrix. Source: tutor2u.net Product Development Kids smoothies – Instead of appealing to cash rich time poor consumers they have started to bring out new products for kids Innocent Smoothie The first product that Innocent launched Juicy waters Competing with healthy waters such Market Development Yoghurt Thickies Innocent Smoothies Trying out new flavours with new fruits Diversification Vegetables Trying to move into the fresh vegetables sector In order for Innocent to be this popular there would have been certain stages that business would have to have gone through in order to be where they are at the present day.   NPD (new product development) would have been a strategy that Innocent used in order to try and see whether or not their first idea was feasible to carry on with.   The table below consists of 6 phases that they would have gone through. Stage Relating to Innocent Strategic logic Alignment First of all Innocent wasn’t an easy business to set up for the three university friends. As they were young and inexperienced they found it extremely difficult to find financial banking for the business they proposed to set up. 20 banks or so had rejected their business plan due to lack of experienced and knowledge of the sector. Finally after much pursuing they were put in touch with a business angel who invested  £250,000 and who now owns 20% of the company. Idea generation The three university students at this stage would have had to look at the current markets and try and find a possible gap that they felt they could penetrate into. Smoothies were a concept they had engaged into. Concept Development Selection Once they had all of this set in place they needed to develop their idea to be different from any other potential competitor products out there, they made the smoothies from 100% fresh fruit which could be preserved for 14days and still get the same fresh taste. Programme Definition The idea of the smoothie had originally come from the trio buying  £500 worth of fresh fruit and making them into smoothies then going onto to sell them at a music festival in London. The customers were asked to put the empty bottles in either one of two bins one named â€Å"yes† and one named â€Å"no†, the question they would be answering was â€Å"do you think we should give up our day jobs to make these smoothies† The yes bin was overwhelming so this gave the three entrepreneurs the push they needed to take their idea forward.   Giving every consumer â€Å"2 of their 5 a day† with one bottle of Innocent. Design Development The design of the smoothies had to be unique and welcoming to the consumers Innocent also wanted to be a company that built on ethics hence the name. Ethics was decided to play a big part of the business by using fresh fruit for example the banana suppliers have rainforest accreditation, they also strived to try and be carbon neutral and using bio degradable packaging. Validation To try and make sure that customers were willing to invest in the product they had the knowledge from the music festival that customers were interested in their product. Pre- Commercialization launch The launch of their product was on a national level at first finding distribution channels through the market and now there product is stocked at many delicatessens, health food shops and coffee bars. First day they sold 24 bottles from a van. Innocent were the first company to start selling smoothies which in turn gave them a competitive advantage of being the first on the scene, this gave them allot more experience over the years of operation than other competitors in the market today, factors which play in favour of Innocent are as follows: Experience Having years of practice in serving the customers exactly with what they want, also taking on board the customer’s views and opinions to try and increase product ranges but also at the same time satisfy the needs of the consumer. Scale benefits- Innocent will definitely have this advantage as they will already have bulk order in place and be able to mass produce quicker than any new upcoming smoothie business. Pre emption of scares sources- Innocent have key technology and product innovation that makes there smoothies last 14 days from the day of production, so consumers will still get that great fresh taste. Reputation- In the years Innocent have been operating they have managed to gather a huge client database through emails and feedback this gives them an advantage as they have started to build relations with the customers a long time ago and by listening to what the consumers want and by responding appropriately they are able to keep the interested and having consumers who are brand loyal. Buyer Switching- As Innocent are big well known business there suppliers would be more than happy to negotiate with them in terms of competitive pricing. 2. Evaluate the extent to which entrepreneurship has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day As the three young entrepreneurs had a lot to learn about business it was a huge learning curve for them to be thrown into the deep end so fast. Although successful as it is Coca-cola have huge part to play with their  £30m investment into Innocent when sales went down and competitors got tough. Innocent can gain from Coca-Coola distribution channels such as Europe and global distribution something that Innocent wasn’t to geared up with. From being Entrepreneurs they had given 20% away for investment but also taken onboard help and investment from another major drinks company that has been around for a lot longer than they had. On the other hand this could be a partnership between both businesses that could work. Coca-cola can learn how to compete with a whole new style of drinks. Below is a diagram of entrepreneurial growth cycle which the three young students would have found themselves going through in the early stages when Innocent started up. The diagram will give an insight and relate how the founders of Innocent would have proceeded within each step of the diagram. Start up capital For Innocent the start up capital came from on a business angel as the banks had turned them away for being inexperienced, the business angel now owns 20% of Innocent. Growth As the business grew so did the amount of employees by 2007 Innocent has 250 members of staff working within the organisation of Innocent. Maturity Innocent have handled with maturity very well in terms of them diversifying themselves into different markets offering new products aimed at different ages. They have kept revenue on a positive scale by doing this. Innocent are from maturing as they are constantly innovating new ideas and creations and with the help of their loyal customers they are always trying to find ways to impress their consumers. Exit This does not apply to Innocent as of yet as the entrepreneurs are still running the business and the Angel investor still owns 20%. Innocent have done well to not base their business entirely on profits but have been looking at the bigger picture in terms of social and economical responsibilities. This helps them achieve the business they originally set out to create which was â€Å"natural, entrepreneurial, responsible, commercial and generous†. 3. Evaluate the extent to which leadership styles has driven the development of Innocent from its inception to the present day When starting up a new business it is very important to try and get the leadership styles correct as this can make or break a business from the offset. Having a sound leader for a business can not only help with the direction of the business but also the way in which employees react to the style of leadership. If it is possible to get employees on side with the business values this can help increase efficiency and brand image. Being three young university students it was hard for Innocent to give of a professional image at first as the youth of the entrepreneurs was soon noticeable in their approach to business. Their youth style approach consisted of: Dress codes- â€Å"dress informally, often in shorts and bare feet’ Messages- â€Å"funny informal message† on the drink carton labels Employees- â€Å"leaving their personal values at home when they go work† Buildings- â€Å"fruit towers† Office block name The factors above show the laid back autocratic approach that the founders of Innocent adapted to help the business image and help support employees within the workforce to come up with new innovative creative ideas to help push Innocent forward. As the company was growing it was very important for the leadership styles to suit the number of employees so that all work could be done effectively and efficiently. After the auto critic approach as there were no employees at that time the leadership style has slightly changed to democratic as there are now 250 employees, but Innocent still ensures that employees play a role in the business and partial decision making processes, giving the employees freedom at work helps with their participation in fundamental decisions. 4. Evaluate the extent to which both the strategic direction and the method of development chosen are suitable As time went on Innocent found itself in a situation where it needed from help other businesses, this was mainly due to the expensive marketing decision that took them into the European sector this proved to be costly for them and made their financial positioning weaker. This led them into the path of Coca-Cola a large global drinks company that has one of the strongest brands in the world. Coca-Cola currently have operations in over 200 countries and has been around since 1886. The global organisation is currently the leader in the drinks beverage industry. As Innocent have decided to take investment from the global business it is able to use many of the resources that Coca-Cola use for its own products, as well as looking into international investment. There will be certain factors that will drive Innocent in this direction which can be seen in the table below. Source: Yip, Total Global Strategy As it is clear to see the above drivers would help Innocent to move forward internationally with the help of Coca-Cola and their global marketing brand. Objective comparison (Innocent vs. Coca-Cola) As two totally different businesses the vision, values, missions would differ a lot which could cause issues in the working partnership and could push toward a change within either of the organisations.    Mission Vision Values Innocent Make good food The earths favourite little company Be commercialBe generousBe entrepreneurialBe responsibleBe naturalBe generous Coca-Cola To refresh the world in mind, body and spiritTo inspire moments of optimism through our brands and actions, andTo create value and make a difference everywhere we engage ProfitPeoplePortfolioPartnersPlanet LeadershipPassionIntegrityAccountabilityCollaborationInnovation Quality From looking at table above it is clear to see that coca-cola and Innocent both follow similar ways but show their views in different perspectives. Innocent is all about being simple and telling the customers exactly what they are doing where as coca-cola is a much larger organisation therefore they have to try and abide by settling a level platform as they operate globally.   Innocent tend to follow the trends of the UK and try and adapt their changes to suit the UK economy as that is their main source of income, compared to coca-cola who have to look at the issues of the world and try and adapt their company values to suit the mass market.   Looking at the suitability of each company joining together, it may not have been the best idea. Coca-Cola doesn’t have the greatest image of being a healthy drink where as â€Å"Innocent† has a strong backing of being health conscious and the concept of the drink is that it contains â€Å"2 of your 5 a day†. This is an immediate clash for both companies whether Coca-Cola can learn from Innocents approach to being health cautious or whether Coca-Cola have only invested for a return on investment. Strategic capability In order for a business to be able to be able to survive and trade it needs to have the resources and competences at its disposable to help alleviate the downfall of the business. Innocent seem to have many resources which they use effectively to send out a positive message to all its consumers: Intellectual   Customer feedback, letters from consumers, emails letting Innocent know how they feel about their products which in turn gives Innocent new innovative ideas. Financial   Millions made which means investment for expansion and product development, Partnerships, Business angel, 2million Innocent smoothies sold a week bringing in constant revenue Human Creativity in the staff that Innocent employ which is showed throughout their products, 250 employees who all have different skills and knowledge that make Innocent who they are, New staff after working with Coca-Cola brining potentially new ideas to the business. Physical Innocent have all their products that they sell as well as all the development production technology that use to create the drinks. They also have â€Å"Fruity Towers† where they operate from. All the resources that Innocent have proved to be a success for the business in the previous years else they would not be who they are today. Innocent having proven themselves to have good customer relations and doesn’t find it hard to communicate with their consumers this could be because of their critical success factors. Innocent have certain product features in order to keep their consumers engaged with the business such as the â€Å"funny informal messages† or making sure they are letting their customers know what they are drinking is healthy. Innocent’s honesty with the consumer has paid off as they are well engaged with many of their consumers. All the different departments within Innocent all interlink together which helps the business run effectively and efficiently. As Innocent is a simple business its logistics and processes flow easily enabling them to create their products and meet the demands of the consumer, compared to that of Coca-Cola who have vast production lines in 100’s of countries with lots more products. The two different value chains could clash as the organisational structure and technology development as well as process methods differ drastically. The technology that relates to Innocent would be the fact they can keep their smoothie fresh for up to 14 days where as Coca-Cola have developed their packaging to ensure the coke tastes fresh when opened. With Innocent juicy possibly entering into international markets as well as European they could benefit from Coca-Cola’s production methods to ensure they would be able to meet the extra demand on time and of high quality. Also when distributin g abroad with only 14 days of freshness for the smoothie Innocent will have to work with Coca-cola to help distribute their products quick enough so that they can be on the shelve as long as possible before the best before date runs out. Transportation costs on a global scale could creep up significantly for Innocent if Coca-Cola distribution channels are not feasible to use. Increasing costs in certain areas could cause internal conflict for Innocent as there are different investors that have put capital into the business, the decisions off Innocent as a whole can effect more than just the investors, other effected parties would be the employees and suppliers as well as any other stake holder. Rising costs and changes within the processes could cause possible disruption in parts of Innocents infrastructure leaving employees unhappy and investors concerned about expenditure. The stakeholder interests within both organisations will vary and all stakeholders will be expressing their v iews and concerns to the board which in turn could leave Innocent torn between following Coca-Cola on an international level or keeping stake holders happy on a more local scale. Issues that face Innocent and Coca-Cola The merge of the two businesses can cause serious issues that could affect the brand image and stakeholders concerned. Ethics   Innocent have a much more ethical approach to business compared with Coca-Cola, partnering up with a less ethical company could bring down customer views and opinions of Innocent which could damage their international venture. Competition Although both brands are well established within their fields there is always the fear of a new competitor or substitute products being purchased, if Innocent cannot keep the price of their product at a competitive rate consumers may start to look elsewhere. Innocent currently only make 5p per bottle sold this is a low profit margin, with all the additional costs they will have to look closely or look into cutting costs which may cause a backlash on their ethical programmes. Innocent will have to do lots of market research to see if there is a need for their product in other countries, although consumers may be willing to pay the slightly higher price in the UK for a smoothie this may not be the same in international countries depending on the state of their economy. Culture   The culture clashes between Innocent and Coca-Cola vary on a large scale, Innocent have the very laid back approach towards business where as Coca-Cola are a lot more formal and diverse. Management techniques and employee relations differ which could cause conflict in the way both businesses work together in order to get things done. The organisational structure’s of both business would look very different as Innocent only have 250 staff where as Coca-Cola would be in the 000’s making the layering of each level and employee powers differ. Suitability In terms of Innocent and Coca-Cola working together it needs to analysed whether or not it would be feasible for this to take place. Strategic Options Environment Capability Stakeholder/Cultural Influences Consolidation Innocent can maintain their market position within the UK and Europe. Coca-Cola maintains their global positioning. Build on their brand and product strength and new innovative ideas   through the creativity of their employees Stakeholders not wanting to move into the European market as they are comfortable in the markets they operating in currently. Market Penetration Try gaining more market share through promotions or new products. Exploiting the resources available to them which were mentioned previously. Coca-Cola exploiting their vast global connection. Stakeholders happy with the current position of both businesses not wanting any change to occur, thinking they might be at risk of a loss in new strategic directions Product Development Innocent looking at feedback from the customers on acting on it. Coca-Cola taking a leaf out of Innocents book and engaging with their consumers maybe looking into healthy drinks with less sugar contents. Both companies could use each other’s research and development groups giving each business a different perspective on their products. Trying to make the stakeholders take interest in the better of the business in order for growth and expansion. Market Development Innocent and Coca-Cola can both benefit from new products and using existing products to penetrate into different segments of the market Exploiting the current capabilities and products in different market segments. Such as Coca-Cola trying out new kids drinks with an â€Å"Innocent† concept. Trying to help stakeholder understand the need for investment into new areas before current market reach the decline stage. Diversification The markets that Innocent and Coca-Cola have become to   mature/decline Exploit the core competences in new areas Must still be able to meet the needs of the stakeholders at the same time.                     Source: Exploring Corporate strategy pg 337 exhibit 10.6 As we can see from all of the above analysis it would be fair to say that both Innocent and Coca-Cola can learn new ways of managing, developing products, and targeting different sectors, but this could come at a cost of either damaging brand image or leaving behind the ethical issues that both companies value. With reference to appropriate models/frameworks analyse the change in management issues that could arise in implementing this strategy With the merge and assistance of both Innocent and Coca-Cola coming together certain issues could arise in the management styles having knock on effects to other areas of both businesses such as employees and stakeholders the issues that could arise from this have been analysed below using different models. To help try and overcome these issues there is a 8 step process that can be followed in order to and remove potential unwillingness to participate in new operations. Step1- Create a sense of urgency Innocent and Coca-Cola both need to let their businesses know that in order for them to grow and succeed further there visions and strategies need to be fulfilled to the maximum potential. Step2-Pull together the guiding team Making sure that the team has strong beliefs and values of what they are doing to show other people that it is a beneficial move. Step3- Develop the change vision and strategy Making sure that consumers and investors understand what the future will be able to give them and how they will gain from this and how it is different from the past. Step4- Communicate the vision broadly Make sure as many people as possible understand and accept the vision and the strategy this could be done through the media as both Coca-Cola and Innocent have media connections. Step5- Empower others to act For example if Innocent had enough money and certain stakeholder such as the business angel did not see the vision that everybody else had seen it may be in the best interest of Innocent to buy certain stakeholders out this would give the entrepreneurs more control and power to drive the company forward with Coca-Cola. Looking at this from Coca-Colas perspective they would have to convince their stakeholders that partnering up with Innocent is the way forward for a better image and more product innovation. Step 6- Quick success Produce sufficient short-term results to give their efforts credibility and to disempower the cynics Step7-Buil momentum and keep pushing Once the first success point has been reached for example Innocent in the international market they need to keep pushing themselves in order for the vision to become a reality. Step8- Create a new culture The old traditions of the business need to become the past and future should be embraced Coca-Cola could do this by leaving the high sugar content drinks behind and getting onboard with Innocent into the healthier beverages, with a strong brand name people may trust the drinks. The method above is a simple 8 step rule of trying overcoming change management issues but time constraints need to be taken into account as it can be a lengthy process trying to get everyone on side.    References http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm innocentdrinks.co.uk/ http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3Prwx2sWtPsCpg=PA583lpg=PA583dq=DAVID+RAINEY+NPD+MODELsource=blots=vJ6Z37tZKTsig=i8sT69tygn6cSHd3yuYTVRtuwAkhl=enei=5kbYS-WdF4z0mAPezMCnCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CAYQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false (PAGE 10) coca-cola.co.uk/About_Us/ youtube.com/watch?v=PeORynrUakk Kotter, J., and Rathgeber, H., (2006) Our Iceberg is Melting : Changing and Succeeding Under Any Conditions Pan Macmillan Ltd, London